chlorite mineral formula

chlorite mineral formula

They are also found as retrograde minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks that have been weathered. Chlorite is a common mineral associated with hydrothermal ore deposits and commonly occurs with epidote, sericite, adularia and sulfide minerals. As a result, chlorite is not mined and processed for any specific use. "Chlorite" is the name of a group of common sheet silicate minerals that form during the early stages of metamorphism. The terms are seldom used and the ortho prefix is somewhat misleading as the chlorite crystal system is monoclinic and not orthorhombic. It occurs in the Korshunovskoye iron skarn deposit in the Irkutsk Oblast of Eastern Siberia.[3]. Members of the chlorite mineral group are typically green in color, have a foliated appearance, perfect cleavage, and an oily or soapy feel. [2], Clinoclore, pennantite, and chamosite are the most common varieties. [1] Several other sub-varieties have been described. Composition: Hydrous iron-magnesium aluminum silicate. The most important chlorite is sodium chlorite (NaClO2); this is used in the bleaching of textiles, pulp, and paper, however despite its strongly oxidizing nature it is often not used directly being instead used to generate the neutral species chlorine dioxide (ClO2), normally via a reaction with HCl: Several oxyanions of chlorine exist, in which it can assume oxidation states of −1, +1, +3, +5, or +7 within the corresponding anions Cl−, ClO−, ClO−2, ClO−3, or ClO−4, known commonly and respectively as chloride, hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate. Chlorite is the strongest oxidiser of the chlorine oxyanions on the basis of standard half cell potentials.[2]. The chlorite ion adopts a bent molecular geometry, due to the effects of the lone pairs on the chlorine atom, with an O–Cl–O bond angle of 111° and Cl–O bond lengths of 156 pm. A more comprehensive list of chlorite minerals and their chemical compositions is shown in the green t… Chlorite minerals most often form in rock environments where minerals are altered by heat, pressure, and chemical activity. This page was last edited on 14 October 2020, at 22:05. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid. [1] Chlorite is found in large boulders scattered on the ground surface on Ring Mountain in Marin County, California. Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Geology.com Store. These chlorite minerals are often found in fractures, solution cavities, or the vesicles of igneous rocks. Experiments indicate that chlorite can be stable in peridotite of the Earth's mantle above the ocean lithosphere carried down by subduction, and chlorite may even be present in the mantle volume from which island arc magmas are generated. These generally have a temperature less than a few hundred degrees and are within a few miles of Earth's surface. Here, amphiboles, pyroxenes, and micas are altered into chlorite. Chlorite is so soft that it can be scratched by a finger nail. It is the diagnostic species of the zeolite facies and of lower greenschist facies. Chlorite minerals have a generalized chemical composition of (X,Y)4-6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8. Therefore, chlorite's structure appears as follows: That's why they are also called 2:1:1 minerals. Another environment of chlorite mineral formation is in oceanic crust descending into subduction zones. This formula emphasizes the structure of the group. (Mg,Fe)3(OH)6. Chlorite that forms here is usually associated with biotite, muscovite, garnet, staurolite, andalusite, or cordierite. Chlorite: Chlorite from Quebec, Canada. Detailed optical, chemical, or x-ray analysis is usually required for positive identification. Very few industrial uses. This specimen is approximately 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) across. The powder generated by scratching is green. Diagnostic Features: Characterized by its green color, micaceous habit and cleavage, and by the fact that the folia are not elastic. The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula of ClO 2. Various shades of green. Used as a filler and as a constituent of clay. The chlorites are often, but not always considered a subset of the larger silicate group, The clays. Various shades of green; rarely yellow, red, or white. As a result, the individual chlorite minerals are poorly known. The \"X\" and \"Y\" in the formula represent ions, which might include: Fe+2, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Al+3, Li+1, or Ti+4. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chlorite&oldid=964481812, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 June 2020, at 19:12. Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified, "The Origin and Associations of the Jaspers of South-eastern Anglesey", Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, "Seraphinite: Mineral information, data and localities", "Chlorite Group: Mineral information, data and localities", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chlorite_group&oldid=983554910, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Chlorite minerals have a generalized chemical composition of (X,Y)4-6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8. They are found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Its major use is as a coincidental constituient in crushed stone. An older classification divided the chlorites into two subgroups: the orthochlorites and leptochlorites. The most common chlorite minerals are clinochlore, pennantite, and chamosite. The composition and physical properties of chlorites vary as these ions substitute for one another in solid solution. These are part of a greater family of other chlorine oxides. Heavy metal chlorites (Ag+, Hg+, Tl+, Pb2+, and also Cu2+ and NH+4) are unstable and decompose explosively with heat or shock.[1]. Chlorite minerals also form during the hydrothermal, metasomatic, or contact metamorphism. For example, chlorite is found naturally in certain parts of Wales in mineral schists. The name "chlorite" is often used in classrooms and the field because the minerals are difficult or impossible to identify. The composition and physical properties of chlorites vary as these ions substitute for one another in solid solution. A more comprehensive list of chlorite minerals and their chemical compositions is shown in the green table on this page. Specimen is from Quebec, Canada and is approximately 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) across. Chlorite group mostly contains Mg 2+, Al 3+, Fe 2+, Fe 3+, and some more chlorites Mn 2+, Cr 3+, Ni 2+, V 3+, Zn 2+ and Li +. Foliated masses, scaley aggregates, disseminated flakes. Chlorites have a 2:1 sandwich structure (2:1 sandwich layer = tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral = t-o-t...), this is often referred to as a talc layer. The general formula may be stated A 5-6 T 4 Z 18, where A = Al, Fe 2+, Fe 3+, Li, Mg, Mn, or Ni, while T = Al, Fe 3+, Si, or a combination of them, and Z = O and/or OH. A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in the oxidation state of +3. Chlorite minerals are found in rocks altered during deep burial, plate collisions, hydrothermal activity, or contact metamorphism. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid. Their variable chemical composition gives them a range of hardness and specific gravity. Although Chlorite is a fairly common mineral and found worldwide, localities producing material worthy of collections are surprisingly limited. Many interesting Quartz phantoms caused by Chlorite have been found there. Mica plates are elastic whereas chlorite plates are flexible without bending back. Most chlorite minerals are green in color, have a foliated appearance, perfect cleavage, and an oily to soapy feel. Chlorite: A side view of chlorite showing its foliated appearance. Chlorite is a general name for several minerals that are difficult to distinguish by ordinary methods. Chlorite occurs naturally in a variety of locations and forms. Metamorphic rocks rich in chlorite might include phyllite and chlorite schist. The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle, examine, and observe their properties. assumed that each mineral is electrically neutral and that the positive charges Rocks that commonly contain abundant chlorite include greenschist, phyllite, chlorite schist, and greenstone. Chlorite is also a common metamorphic mineral, usually indicative of low-grade metamorphism. This (Mg2+, Fe3+)(OH)6 unit is more commonly referred to as the brucite-like layer, due to its closer resemblance to the mineral brucite (Mg(OH)2). The alkali metal and alkaline earth metal compounds are all colorless or pale yellow, with sodium chlorite (NaClO2) being the only commercially important chlorite. Maderanertal, in Uri, Switzerland, is famous for its shiny green Chlorite coatings on Quartz and Adularia. In this environment chlorite may be a retrograde metamorphic alteration mineral of existing ferromagnesian minerals, or it may be present as a metasomatism product via addition of Fe, Mg, or other compounds into the rock mass. The "X" and "Y" in the formula represent ions, which might include: Fe+2, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Al+3, Li+1, or Ti+4. It does not have physical properties that make it suited for a particular use, and it does not contain constituents that make it a target of mining.

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