optical conductivity of graphene

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optical conductivity of graphene

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0000003722 00000 n Many researchers now find themselves working away from their institutions and, thus, may have trouble accessing the Physical Review journals. We find that even in the optical regime the corrections to the Dirac-cone approximation are surprisingly small (a few percent). [Science 320, 1308 (2008)]. 0000010099 00000 n 0000025108 00000 n 0000020568 00000 n DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085432, T. Stauber1, N. M. R. Peres1, and A. K. Geim2, To celebrate 50 years of enduring discoveries, APS is offering 50% off APCs for any manuscript submitted in 2020, published in any of its hybrid journals: PRL, PRA, PRB, PRC, PRD, PRE, PRApplied, PRFluids, and PRMaterials. 0000014171 00000 n 0000002152 00000 n 0000033036 00000 n 0000003571 00000 n The Dirac points are six locations in momentum space, on the edge of the Brillouin zone, divided into two non-equivalent sets of three points. We compute the optical conductivity of graphene beyond the usual Dirac-cone approximation, giving results that are valid in the visible region of the conductivity spectrum. 0000026586 00000 n 0000013238 00000 n 0000002486 00000 n 0000024075 00000 n Herein, we report the approach for ultra-high quality (Q) graphene perfect optical absorption, which possesses impressive performance in switching manipulation. 0000044116 00000 n %%EOF x��Z�r�}���K*�HW�~�zc;e���V�J�y�f(i���5�6�o$?�?Lw�8�-Ֆ��$�h4�r� �ߪ�Ӷ�����^}��P]�V4\��u|��X������4�?���/�a�X)]����j��i�Te�n���U]5��ZY����fU+|��x�#(�jp���z� Using the full expression for the optical conductivity, the transmission and reflection coefficients are given. We appreciate your continued effort and commitment to helping advance science, and allowing us to publish the best physics journals in the world. Physical Review B™ is a trademark of the American Physical Society, registered in the United States, Canada, European Union, and Japan. 0000010820 00000 n By contrast, for traditional semiconductors the primary point of interest is generally Γ, where momentum is zero. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085432, Physical Review Physics Education Research, Log in with individual APS Journal Account », Log in with a username/password provided by your institution », Get access through a U.S. public or high school library ». @�сp5�2��i; � �(1�20x3��8`�x�oA9� graphene band structure, is equivalent to an optical sheet conductivity for graphene exhibiting a frequency-independent value of σ = π G0 /4 , where G 0 = 2e 2/h is the quantum of conductance [9]. <> the user has read and agrees to our Terms and 0000039180 00000 n 0000039457 00000 n Through this difficult time APS and the Physical Review editorial office are fully equipped and actively working to support researchers by continuing to carry out all editorial and peer-review functions and publish research in the journals as well as minimizing disruption to journal access. 0000009390 00000 n We compute the optical conductivity of graphene beyond the usual Dirac-cone approximation, giving results that are valid in the visible region of the conductivity spectrum. startxref 0000010546 00000 n We find that even in the optical regime the … 0000002020 00000 n 0000020226 00000 n 0000004635 00000 n 0000001596 00000 n Agreement. A record-breaking Q-factor (up to 105) is observed, suggesting one or two orders of magnitude larger than that … 0000003420 00000 n 0000005287 00000 n 0000004485 00000 n This anisotropy in the optical conductivity can be explored to create a dichroism effect. endstream endobj 120 0 obj<> endobj 122 0 obj<> endobj 123 0 obj<> endobj 124 0 obj<. %�쏢 0000017669 00000 n See Off-Campus Access to Physical Review for further instructions. 0000002964 00000 n 0000004027 00000 n ��FS�K3:�DS̈�ѹ[$�pq* 0000004181 00000 n Information about registration may be found here. 0000014856 00000 n <]>> 0000013797 00000 n Conditions and any applicable This result is in agreement with a constant absorbance of pi*alpha, or a sheet conductivity of pi*e^2/2h, predicted within a model of non-interacting massless Dirac Fermions. In this Letter, we present an experimental determination of the optical conductivity of graphene over the spectral range of 0.2–1.2 eV. Use of the American Physical Society websites and journals implies that 0000009153 00000 n 5 0 obj 0000004943 00000 n 24 and 25 where the effect of phonons and the effect of midgap states were in- cluded. x�b``�c``������p�A���b�,��?�2� C�dn��(����I����W��;�J-�wne�R{Ǭ/4����F3.nn�g��e����&b~QdQ����YC����x�7H�|�B`W�� Hf3�ut4 ����iH�BJJi`%�&. 0000005661 00000 n Using the full expression for the optical conductivity, the transmission and reflection coefficients are given. %PDF-1.4 %���� Learn More ». 0000030398 00000 n 9��X��im�]@���e�D�g�� � 6�mx 0000021689 00000 n 0000005940 00000 n The two sets are labeled K and K'. 0000000016 00000 n xref Wavelength-selective light absorption and the related switching operations are highly desired in optical devices. 0000005608 00000 n 0000016846 00000 n Graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor, because its conduction and valence bands meet at the Dirac points. trailer 0000015256 00000 n All rights reserved. 0000043682 00000 n The effect of next-nearest-neighbor hopping is also discussed. �� e�����M�o�����(~�&��里p"���e_Ӝ�M���Q�ۢ���`R��"��@�y��(9�K� ޲D�|oy�,h���B2_ƞ�=n3�^xa鵔���)�-��!�y����zBV����e_7s���� �UFM�Wy\�Qw 0000020383 00000 n 0000016401 00000 n As reported in section 6.2, the optical conductivity of a curved graphene sheet depends on the polarization of the photon relative to the direction along which the graphene is deformed. 0000005097 00000 n 0000016882 00000 n 0000017169 00000 n 16U������W�/����y�Q���8�>Y�V%���d��!���E����3T�+�����G|����=j��+.�$M�;j���!�dyUJS�ɻ����D��[�}�����B�`w�ɝ�X1s_���fR�4��Eh�x�SȂgr�����w�䍖��?�X26�'�RZ�=�#-%I��C��|vfJ��e��9��^��ٲ�נJvO&��R��U�t�? K�1[r-"��X��U��~�nbIl��r״C��k|��W4�U�6���iJħfV�ޕn���!s��0�*-�&Ŵl�M����$2I���?��ɻ1� �E���Ru��΂R����"Q8 ��̿�`��Ǚ�6K�?�B1�J���"�M��GX�P>�=۬0�4���1e$��pK4���A,��!�q~Y 0000010424 00000 n Four electronic properties separate it from other condensed matter systems. 119 65 121 0 obj<>stream 0000013616 00000 n 0000018919 00000 n Within the Boltzmann approach, the optical conductivity of graphene was considered in Refs. 0000022899 00000 n ��_�7���m��K.�*����p�l�xo��#���d,^�x8������yW���8 ��! Subscription The APS Physics logo and Physics logo are trademarks of the American Physical Society. Many of the electronic properties of graphene, with its linear dispersion near the Fermi energy, can be modeled in 0000004335 00000 n x�]/�#:/}���%5QZU�[)��� The results were obtained by direct measurement of the optical transmission and reflection of large-area, single-crystal graphene samples prepared on a … This approach, however, does not include transitions between the valence and the conduction band and is, there- … 119 0 obj <> endobj To address this, we have been improving access via several different mechanisms. 0000008611 00000 n 0000004789 00000 n Y�7�6��J��1|�9� �*�Vhl��Vtp6�������7BO�Uʶ�c��91гKg����4����pU\vX#� ���P� 0000002118 00000 n Sign up to receive regular email alerts from Physical Review B. ISSN 2469-9969 (online), 2469-9950 (print). ©2020 American Physical Society. COVID-19 has impacted many institutions and organizations around the world, disrupting the progress of research. �&p�`��u&ӹ����z9�ީ�9��7���t\�;��-G|f�Ų�X�>��eg��2��C0e"���b�e��Sc#\Qc(�a���6�3�$m�����(�t���Ȃ@�vO���w. For photon energies above 0.5 eV, graphene yielded a spectrally flat optical absorbance of (2.3 +/- 0.2)%. 0000002638 00000 n 0000002812 00000 n 0000027728 00000 n stream 0000015705 00000 n 0000025253 00000 n The effect of next-nearest-neighbor hopping is also discussed. 0 �W{°�$W�����xY��FgC�@��޳d����b�7��k�g��F_��'�z����m��f���7�a���3�/�u��0E_/�L´a�7�� ΡO1�a�ӈ;G���f7"4,(���Y��W�S��`g(4ކ�b�َ 0000003267 00000 n b (�ަ �.J�!#����w�ʶ!��!1�uiz�`DN�R_ē��|���Řn�� �����$i 9~&�p�3�7N���*0�,�qT��L~�����.��](K1:�>�8gz$G�R;��Qf����,���W&�~J�qZm�D 6�4��@\F�2�I¯s��~��8CH J�~ݲ��eC��Lj�?c��0r���� �~��D�.7,���Ƨ4��_\�����3 !0B8�w���Ӓ�s�b��=����"c��f�J��z���K�DТ�j3���@��x�@������.B���U�1 The sets give graphene a valley degeneracy of gv = 2. 0000003874 00000 n %PDF-1.3 0000043737 00000 n The dielectric permittivity can be calculated from conductivity through relation ε = 1 +i*σ/ (δωε 0), where δ is a thickness of the graphene layer. ���������/��'�B���?�@�%���\��Uכ�z�y�yR״j��u=7����>�]��Ώ~����&�+m뻆e�u���i�|6x�ͺo��9���u����m&p���[��30+ ^f�s��M���굫���C�ND�dao��W|��ϙ�7��;�ca�M�L7�`߆F�hz]�HV;�F���=U?5v�����B�����,D���-�7��M1���oV���б([��n�U!���CΩ���i�Kٻ�L����!���Fa���F�����a�}��M �Z��錯`�Z�2[�vFWm�|R�΅�{|��K|���C���?��.�����z��s07p�c�,�\�[�L��2\�#�\��i���r

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