the world as will and representation summary

the world as will and representation summary

The World as Will and Representation, published in 1819, by Arthur Schopenhauer (a german philosopher) is an immense work, a cathedral whose ambition is to synthesize the conceptions of ontology, metaphysics, morality or aesthetics.Schopenhauer, a disciple of Kant, takes over and … The site thus covers the main philosophical traditions, from the Presocratic to the contemporary philosophers, while trying to bring a philosophical reading to the cultural field in general, such as cinema, literature, politics or music. Happiness is negative, in the sense that it never provides lasting satisfaction. Kant’s response to this problem was rather complex, but it depended upon his dividing the world into noumena and phenomena. We shall therefore remain at the outside of things: we shall never be able to penetrate into their inner nature, and investigate what they are in themselves, in other words, what they may be by themselves.” (Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation). This was particularly disappointing as Wicks has elsewhere given elaborate and stimulating accounts of Schopenhauer's relation to, for example, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein, as well as, more provocatively, Hegel. The world as we experience it is structured by objects arranged in space and time which have causal relationships with other things. Schopenhauer’s idealism differs from Plato’s idealism. Leibniz, a member of the philosophical school known as  rationalism, believed that through the use of one’s reason it was possible to obtain objective knowledge of the world. The more one overcomes one’s desires, the happier one will be.So much for the summary; on to evaluation.To most modern readers, I suspect, Schopenhauer’s metaphysics will be the toughest pill to swallow. On the other hand, science is a way of seeing things according to the principle of sufficient reason. Such a person, he thinks, would necessarily be kind to others, since goodness consists in making less distinction between oneself and others. While it is true that a camera only detects certain portions of reality, and that a photo of a mountain is a fundamentally different sort of thing than a real mountain, it is also true that cameras use real data from the outside world to create representations—useful, pleasing, and accurate—of that world. Now all this misery is repeated thousands and thousands of times, year in, year out. “…the being of an object in general belongs to the form of appearances, and is conditioned by the being of the subject in general, just as the object’s manner of appearance is conditioned by the subject’s forms of knowledge. It follows from this second condition that everything must have in some sense the 'same' (or better: a non-different) in-itself. While Schopenhauer agreed with the fundamental tenets of Kant’s ideas, he also believed that there was a major inconsistency which lay at the heart of his philosophy. This view, as Roger Scruton nicely explains,  is problematic: “…how can I know the world as it is? This means it makes no sense to speak of ‘things-in-themselves’ causing our experience, as causation requires a knowing subject. The World as Will and Idea content, as well as access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. That’s it. The only answer is that the will to live thus objectifies itself.” (, Schopenhauer: A Very Short Introduction, Christopher Janaway, Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation. According to Schopenhauer, the world is will to the extent that all ideas are a manifestation of the will. But it strikes me as unwarranted to thus conclude that reality is therefore unknowable.

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