brief history of spain

brief history of spain

He refused and war ensued. Other well-preserved groups of paintings are found at Minateda and Alpera (Albacete) and around Bicorp (Valencia). At the beginning of the 17th century Phillip III (1598-1621) decided that the Moriscos (Muslims who had converted to Christianity) could never be assimilated into Spanish society. Labour unions were banned and all political activity using violence or intimidation to achieve its goals was forbidden. During the long regency for Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs, favouritism milked Spain's treasury, and Spain's government operated principally as a dispenser of patronage. The Visigoths, having sacked Rome two years earlier, arrived in Gaul in 412, founding the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse (in the south of modern France) and gradually expanded their influence into Hispania after the battle of Vouillé (507) at the expense of the Vandals and Alans, who moved on into North Africa without leaving much permanent mark on Hispanic culture. [18] In 739, a rebellion in Galicia, assisted by the Asturians, drove out Muslim forces and it joined the Asturian kingdom. The Restoration began with Alfonso XII and the Regency of Maria Christina (1874–1898). The centuries of uninterrupted Roman rule and settlement left a deep and enduring imprint upon the culture of Spain. After an extended conflict, especially in Spain, the treaty of Utrecht recognized Philip, Duke of Anjou, Louis XIV's grandson, as King of Spain (as Philip V), thus confirming the succession stipulated in the will of the Charles II of Spain. However at the beginning of the 8th century the Visigoth realm was destroyed by a Muslim invasion. Such differences in settlement patterns and customs indicate that Bronze Age Spain was not homogeneous but a social mosaic that included centralized tribal societies as well as looser associations based on smaller units. Hunters responded by widening their range of food and collecting quantities of marine shellfish. The greatest writers were Miguel Cervantes (1547-1616) who wrote Don Quixote (published in 1605) and Lope de Vega (1562-1635). The Dutch won very easily at Hertogenbosch and Wesel in 1629. [35](For additional information about this period, see the History of Roman Catholicism in Spain. [4], Archeological evidence in places like Los Millares and El Argar, both in the province of Almería, and La Almoloya near Murcia suggests developed cultures existed in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula during the late Neolithic and the Bronze Age.[5]. R.R. Spanish Guinea was granted independence as Equatorial Guinea in 1968, while the Moroccan enclave of Ifni had been ceded to Morocco in 1969. The Taifa kings competed against each other not only in war but also in the protection of the arts, and culture enjoyed a brief renaissance. On 11 March 2004 a number of terrorist bombs exploded on busy commuter trains in Madrid by Islamic extremists linked to Al-Qaeda, killing 191 persons and injuring thousands. Those defenses stretch over 330 yards (300 metres) and cut off a triangle of land high above the Andarax River, with a cemetery of more than 70 collective tombs lying just outside the walls. Spaniards revolted. (They were greatly helped by disunity among the Muslims). The war pitted powerful France and fairly strong Spain against the Grand Alliance of England, Portugal, Savoy, the Netherlands and Austria. [78], Philip II died in 1598, and was succeeded by his son Philip III. He was already ruler of Belgium and the Netherlands and he was heir to realms in Austria and Southern Germany. The Visigothic Kingdom conquered all of Hispania and ruled it until the early 8th century, when the peninsula fell to the Muslim conquests. "[89], The economy, on the whole, improved over the depressed 1650–1700 era, with greater productivity and fewer famines and epidemics.[90]. The old differences were disappearing, there was no longer a separate people, nor a divided nobility. [104] In this war, Spain was aided by the British and Portuguese, led by the Duke of Wellington. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy both signed that agreement, but ignored it and sent supplies and vital help, including a powerful air force under German command, the Condor Legion. However, there were no reforming impulses in the reign of Charles IV (1788 to abdication in 1808), seen by some as mentally handicapped. By the Treaty of Rastatt and Baden in 1714, Austria took Belgium from Spain. [43] Christians and Jews were allowed to live as subordinate groups of a stratified society under the dhimmah system,[44] although Jews became very important in certain fields. The thought that Spain could bring Christianity to the New World and protect Catholicism in Europe certainly played a strong role in the expansion of Spain's empire. The Arab Islamic conquest dominated most of North Africa by 710 AD. There were few settlers or soldiers in Florida, so it was sold to the United States for 5 million dollars. Two years later, in 1870, the Cortes declared that Spain would again have a king. The Councils of Toledo debated the creed and liturgy of orthodox Catholicism, and the Council of Lerida in 546 constrained the clergy and extended the power of law over them with the approval of the pope. But despite the progress, it continued to lag in the political and mercantile developments then transforming other parts of Europe, most notably in Great Britain, the Low Countries, and France. However, in 476 the Visigoths took it over.

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